The National Institute of Public Health is a budgetary organisation of the Ministry of Health. The legal status and tasks of the institute are postulated by paragraph  86  of  Law  No. 258/2000,  in  the  wording  of  Law no. 320/2002 and provision of the Minister of Health no. 31334/2002  from  17. 12. 2002. The statutary    representative is the Director who is named  and  recalled  by  the  Minister of Health  on the  proposal of the Chief  Public  Health Officer  of the Czech Republic.

Paragraph 86 of the cited law states that the mission of the Institute is to cover  a  spectrum of  activities  comprising creation of the basis for national public health policy, health promotion and protection, providing methodical reference activities and monitoring related to public health, researching the  environmental  impact on  human health, international collaboration, post-graduate education in medical fields and health-related education of the general public. 

The National Institute of Public Health is authorised to collate such  personal  health-related data on individuals as are associated with disease prevention, monitoring  long-term  tends of  infectious  disease  incidence, occupational  health hazards and the epidemiology of drug dependence, and transmit this data to public health facilities.